Debt Ratio: Interpreting, Calculating, and Optimizing Financial Health

debt ratio equation

Different industries have varying levels of capital requirements, operational risks, and profitability margins. For example, a prospective mortgage borrower is more likely to be able to continue making payments during a period of extended unemployment if they have more assets than debt. This is also true for an individual applying for a small business loan or a line of credit. The result means that Apple had $3.77 of debt for every dollar of equity. It’s important to compare the ratio with that of other similar companies. It’s important to note that different industries have varying benchmarks for what constitutes a healthy debt ratio.

Shaun Conrad is a Certified Public Accountant and CPA exam expert with a passion for teaching. After almost a decade of experience in public accounting, he created MyAccountingCourse.com to help people learn accounting & finance, pass the CPA exam, and start their career. Ask a question about your financial situation providing as much detail as possible. Our mission is to empower readers with the most factual and reliable financial information possible to help them make informed decisions for their individual needs.

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How to Calculate the D/E Ratio in Excel

Before wrapping up, let’s consider a balanced approach to debt management in our final thoughts. The following figures have been obtained from the balance sheet of XYL Company. A financial professional will offer guidance based on the information provided and offer a bookkeeping providence no-obligation call to better understand your situation.

Which of these is most important for your financial advisor to have?

debt ratio equation

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and behavioral finance. Adam received his master’s in economics from The New School for Social Research and his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in sociology. He is a CFA charterholder as well as holding FINRA Series 7, 55 & 63 licenses. He currently researches and teaches economic sociology and the social studies of finance at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.

For instance, capital-intensive industries such as utilities or manufacturing might naturally have higher debt ratios due to significant infrastructure and machinery investments. A low debt ratio, typically less than 0.5 or 50%, indicates that a company relies more on equity than on borrowed funds to finance its assets. A steadily rising D/E ratio may make it harder for a company to obtain financing in the future.

Formula

Generally speaking, a debt-to-equity or debt-to-assets ratio below 1.0 would be seen as relatively safe, what services will you offer whereas ratios of 2.0 or higher would be considered risky. Some industries, such as banking, are known for having much higher debt-to-equity ratios than others. Both ratios, however, encompass all of a business’s assets, including tangible assets such as equipment and inventory and intangible assets such as copyrights and owned brands. Because the total debt to assets ratio includes more of a company’s liabilities, this number is almost always higher than a company’s long-term debt to assets ratio.

  1. However, if the additional cost of debt financing outweighs the additional income that it generates, then the share price may drop.
  2. 11 Financial is a registered investment adviser located in Lufkin, Texas.
  3. If a company’s D/E ratio significantly exceeds those of others in its industry, then its stock could be more risky.
  4. The articles and research support materials available on this site are educational and are not intended to be investment or tax advice.

Comparing a company’s debt ratio with industry benchmarks is crucial to assess its relative financial health. Conversely, the short-term debt ratio concentrates on obligations due within a year. This ratio provides a snapshot of a company’s short-term liquidity and its ability to meet immediate financial obligations using its most liquid assets. In other words, the company would have to sell off all of its assets in order to pay off its liabilities. The debt ratio is shown in decimal format because it calculates total liabilities as a percentage of total assets.

Because equity is equal to assets minus liabilities, the company’s equity would be $800,000. Its D/E ratio would therefore be $1.2 million divided by $800,000, or 1.5. Too little debt and a company may not be utilizing debt in a healthy way to grow its business. Understanding the debt ratio within a specific context can help analysts and investors determine a good investment from a bad one.

Debt ratios must be compared within industries to determine whether a company has a good or bad one. Generally, a mix of equity and debt is good for a company, though too much debt can be a strain. Typically, a debt ratio of 0.4 (40%) or below would be considered better than a debt ratio of 0.6 (60%) or higher. You can calculate the debt ratio of a company from its financial statements. Whether or not it’s a good ratio depends on contextual factors; there is no universal number. Let’s take a look at what these ratios mean, what the variations are, and how they’re used by corporations.

What is a bad debt ratio?

For information pertaining to the registration status of 11 Financial, please contact the state securities regulators for those states in which 11 Financial maintains a registration filing. A balanced capital structure often indicates sound financial management and strategic thinking about the cost of capital. The broader economic landscape can serve as a lens through which a company’s debt ratio is viewed. A higher ratio might indicate a company has been aggressive in financing growth with debt, which could result in volatile earnings. Debt ratios can vary widely depending on the industry of the company in question.

Practical Application: Using Debt Ratio in Investment Decisions

If a company has a negative debt ratio, this would mean that the company has negative shareholder equity. In most cases, this is considered a very risky sign, indicating that the company may be at risk of bankruptcy. Common debt ratios include debt-to-equity, debt-to-assets, long-term debt-to-assets, and leverage and gearing ratios. It’s great to compare debt ratios across companies; however, capital intensity and debt needs vary widely across sectors. The financial health of a firm may not be accurately represented by comparing debt ratios across industries. Bear in mind how certain industries may necessitate higher debt ratios due to the initial investment needed.

Higher D/E ratios can also tend to predominate in other capital-intensive sectors heavily reliant on debt financing, such as airlines and industrials. The debt-to-equity ratio is most useful when used to compare direct competitors. If a company’s D/E ratio significantly exceeds those of others in its industry, then its stock could be more risky. Short-term debt also increases a company’s leverage, of course, but because these liabilities must be paid in a year or less, they aren’t as risky. These balance sheet categories may include items that would not normally be considered debt or equity in the traditional sense of a loan or an asset.


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